
The Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies supports more than a dozen fellows each year who conduct intensive research at Princeton. Former Seeger fellows have published hundreds of books with leading publishers and thousands of articles. Their scholarship reflects the broad, interdisciplinary nature of Hellenic Studies, spanning fields from history to religion to literature and periods from antiquity to the present.
In the latest installment of our Director’s Bookshelf series, Seeger Center Director Dimitri Gondicas speaks with historian Christina Koulouri about her new book Historical Memory in Greece, 1821–1930: Performing the Past in the Present, published by Routledge in 2023. Koulouri is a professor of Modern and Contemporary History and a rector of Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences. She was a visiting research fellow at the Seeger Center in the 2017-2018 academic year.
This interview has been edited and condensed.
How did this book project begin?
In the last three decades, there has been a surge in public history and a flood of memory ceremonies, anniversaries, and “wars of memory” in Greece about major historical events such as the Greek Civil War. Public dialogue and debates surrounding the past, coupled with the “right to memory” advocated by increasingly diverse social groups, evolved alongside Greek academics’ interest in researching issues of traumatic memory. New anniversaries, such as a day of remembrance for the Pontian Greek genocide, were established. New monuments, including a holocaust memorial in Thessaloniki, were erected. This evolution gave rise to memory tourism. Cultural products and practices recalled – and commodified – the collective past. In this context, around ten years ago, I embarked on a research project focusing on the transnational history of parades in Europe. Using transfer studies and histoire croisée, I aimed to explore how traditional processions during public festivals (initially of religious relevance) transformed into increasingly formalized parades in the context of the nation-building process. I began working on that topic during a sabbatical leave in Paris, and I applied for a fellowship at the Seeger Center some years later to deepen my research on this topic.
Please tell us about your time at the Seeger Center and the research you conducted then.
I arrived at the Seeger Center planning to work on a research project titled Nations on Parade: Cultural Transfers in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Europe. However, during my stay at Princeton, I revised my idea and considered parades as part of a broader historical culture that developed in the context of modernity across Europe. The intellectual environment of the Seeger Center, the lectures and workshops hosted by the Davis Center for Historical Studies and the Humanities Council, and, most importantly, the wealth of resources I discovered at Firestone Library and the Marquand Library of Art and Archaeology had a decisive impact on my research questions and method. Discussions with distinguished colleagues at Princeton and participation in the global academic debate were very important to me. The Monday lunch and other events organized by the Seeger Center provided the ideal setting for contacts with colleagues, invited scholars, other visiting fellows and post-docs, and graduate students. I formed lasting ties with many of them and have scheduled joint activities and collaborations since completing my fellowship at the Seeger Center.
How did that research impact your work as a whole and this book project?
Princeton is a vibrant academic community where innovative thought with a worldwide impact is produced. The fellowship at the Seeger Center enabled me to broaden the scope of my research and integrate a global dimension. I had planned to study parades as commemorative acts, but my research at Princeton led me to Memory Studies. When I integrated parades into a different theoretical framework, they ended up forming a small chapter in the present book. As a result, I decided to study historical memory as a form of cultural memory. I drew primary sources from the corpus of visual representations and all forms in which the past was performed in the public sphere. I realized that the irrational, emotional perception of the past through images is much stronger than the rational understanding of it through sources. This approach opened a new field in my intellectual itinerary and inspired a series of papers and talks on historical memory and the present book.
What would you like your readers to learn?
The book invites the reader to become an observer of the past—and the forms through which it is represented in the present—by using familiar images such as those of national heroes, statues, and monuments of the fallen and popular spectacles such as shadow theater. I have hidden small surprises within the pages concerning the paths of historical memory and the shaping of national identity. Ultimately, the reader will discover that historical memory is constructed through the sentimental, irrational reception of mythological narratives told through images.
A transformative journey to Greece inspired Stanley J. Seeger to found Hellenic Studies programs at Princeton. Please tell us about a journey that expanded your intellectual horizons or influenced your research.
I undertook my postgraduate and doctoral studies in Paris, France. Both adventurous and exciting, this journey of discovery had a lasting impact on my research. In Paris, I discovered university lectures, rich libraries, museums, exhibitions, opera, and theater. It was a formative experience in every respect.
Photo of Dimitri Gondicas by Sameer A. Khan/Fotobuddy.
Christina’s website can be found at christinakoulouri.academia.edu.