This project explores how visual expressions of Byzantine calendars produced between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries contributed to understandings of time. Considering the political, natural, scientific, and religious ways time was constructed, this project focuses on the cultural mechanisms involved in interfacing with the year and especially how imagery contributed to experiencing the calendar. Out of the dense matrix of interlocking cycles involved in Byzantine calendars, including the church year, tax cycles, and astronomical movements of heavenly bodies, imagery became a vital component; saints illustrated the liturgical year in elite calendar books and adorned the walls of religious foundations, and temporal motifs of the zodiac and labors of the months populated gospel books and monastic documents. While scholars have acknowledged this imagery as narrative illustrations or as reproducing classical models, its relationship to uniquely Byzantine structures of time have yet to be pursued. By bringing together the visual facets of time with its theological, ritual, and political underpinnings, this interdisciplinary study reveals how temporal imagery compelled viewers to engage with time in ways that extended beyond calendric calculation and dating.